第 361 期·中文精讀

阿倫·史密斯-萊文:科學教

Aaron Smith-Levin: Scientology

在科學教中長大的前信徒講述組織內部如何運作、如何控制成員,以及離開後的經歷。

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阿倫·史密斯-萊文四歲那年,母親被人介紹進了科學教(Scientology),入教速度快得驚人。十二歲,他被從學校帶出來,開始正式為教會做全職工作,一直幹到二十六歲。三十四歲那年,他和科學教正式分開。

整整三十年。

有件事可以拿來當整期訪談的引子:他在裡面出生、長大,從十二歲幹到二十六歲,卻不知道自己所在的這套體系在上層到底信什麼。塞努(Xenu)的故事、軀體希坦(body thetan)這些內容,他是出來之後才第一次讀到的。

一個組織最核心的教義,連它自己培養了幾十年的全職成員都要保密。這件事本身就說明了很多問題。

現在他在 YouTube 上做一個叫《在科學教中長大》(Growing Up in Scientology)的頻道,同時擔任"後續基金會"(Aftermath Foundation)的副總裁。這個基金會是在莉亞·雷米尼(Leah Remini)那檔電視節目播出後成立的,起因很樸素:全世界的非科學教徒都在問同一個問題,我們能做點什麼。結果他們幫到的人覆蓋了科學教的各個地區和各個層級,規模超出所有人最初的預想。

這期播客裡,他把這套體系從最底層的世界觀一直講到最上層的組織結構。要聽懂後面那些讓人皺眉的部分,得先把它的宇宙觀擺出來。

關於"你是誰",這套體系給了一個非常慷慨的答案

科學教是一套信仰體系,由 L. 羅恩·哈伯德(L. Ron Hubbard)創立。它的根本信念是:我們都是名為希坦(Thetan)的不朽精神存在,擁有與生俱來的神性潛能。宇宙中沒有比希坦更強大的東西。(阿倫·史密斯-萊文)

這裡說的"神性"要按字面讀。希坦在定義上沒有空間位置,也沒有時間位置,它並不真的存在於物理宇宙裡。它可能選擇把自己定位到物理宇宙中,然後忘掉自己做過這個決定,就此被纏住、被困住。肉體是一座監獄,地球是一座監獄,整個物理宇宙是一座監獄。

地球上大約八十億人,就有八十億個主要希坦,一個身體配一個。等到你往上走到機密層級,還會學到另一個設定:你身上其實粘著成千上萬個半死不活、失去意識的希坦,它們是你額外的麻煩來源。

這套設定本身不稀奇。靈魂不朽、從高處墮落、被囚禁在物質世界、等待被喚醒,宗教史裡到處都是類似結構。Lex 順手把它和柏拉圖的理念論對照了一下:抽象的、更本源的形式,構造出我們眼前這個具體現實。Aaron 的回應帶著自嘲,他說自己是在一個教派里長大的,沒讀過柏拉圖。Lex 追了一句,你不能什麼事都拿這個當藉口。

玩笑歸玩笑,這套設定值得認真對待的地方在後半段:為了讓你"恢復本然狀態",你需要付出什麼,以及誰來收這個錢。

戴尼提:先是一門心智科學,幾年後才變成宗教

1950 年哈伯德出版《戴尼提》(Dianetics)的時候,這東西還沒有宗教身份。它自我定位為"心智健康的科學",一套心理學。

核心模型叫反應式心智(reactive mind)。哈伯德的說法是:你這一生中所有疼痛和無意識的時刻,都被完整記錄下來了,這些記錄叫印痕(engram)。它像潛意識,但更機械。按他的解釋,這是幾百萬年前進化出來的刺激反應機制,作用是保護個體遠離會帶來傷害的東西。你受過傷,大腦記下現場的一切,以後遇到相似場景,它就自動反應,讓你躲開。

問題是人類已經進化到它不再有正面作用的階段,只剩下負面作用。所以要清除印痕。方法叫聽析(auditing):一對一談話,把那個疼痛時刻反覆過一遍,然後去找"更早類似"(earlier similar)的印痕,一層層往上追。如果能追到最早那一個並把它擦掉,整條鏈上後續的印痕會一起消失。

這條鏈的結構後來被完整保留下來了,只是換掉了起點。

1950 年版《戴尼提》裡,最早的印痕是出生。哈伯德甚至說可能存在產前印痕,也就是你還在子宮裡的經歷。他在書裡還感謝過弗洛伊德,那時候他尚未把精神病學定為邪惡。

Lex 在這裡插了一句評價:這是一套相當有力的心智模型。弗洛伊德也有類似構想,認為很多創傷根植於童年早期性心理的不完整發展,人一輩子都在解那個早年形成的謎題。哈伯德很可能就是從這兒拿的。

順帶說一句,哈伯德宣稱"生命努力求存"是他發現的一條從未被發現的原理,說它的意義超過火的發現。生命努力求存這件事本身當然成立,尼采說"人是權力意志",叔本華談意志,說的都是類似的東西。區別在於,哈伯德把自己擺在第一發現者的位置上。

Lex 拿斯蒂芬·沃爾夫勒姆(Stephen Wolfram)舉了個例子。《一種新科學》(A New Kind of Science)裡講的那些複雜系統和元胞自動機,之前都有人研究過,但作者還是大膽宣告:我給你們一個看世界的新方式。把自我抬高的部分放到一邊,裡面的想法是漂亮的。人可以宣告自己帶來了全新視角,這種事本身沒什麼罪,問題在於當這個宣告變成組織紀律,質疑就變成了罪。

一條印痕鏈,往上游能游到宇宙誕生之前

科學教登場之後,希坦被塞進這個模型,最早的印痕一下從"出生"變成了"萬億年前、別的星系、別的宇宙"。

邏輯上必須這麼改。既然你是一個不朽的精神存在,那你最早的創傷當然不可能只有幾十年的歷史。

那麼有沒有配套的物理模型?沒有。哈伯德的說法是:有物理宇宙,物理宇宙之上還有"希坦宇宙"(theta universe),後者更高階,創造了前者。至於怎麼創造的,沒有可檢驗的描述,只有一個類比,大致相當於"希坦在執行一場模擬"。

於是你面對的是一條可以無限上溯的鏈。當下任何一種痛苦、恐懼、莫名的反應,理論上都能追到一個宇宙尺度的源頭。這個設計有一個後果:它永遠不會被證偽。源頭永遠在更早的地方,永遠在下一次付費課程裡。

順便解開一個常見的困惑。科學教徒到底信不信神?哈伯德的第八動力叫"至高存在",但科學教說自己不處理它,只承認人類有這個觀念。所以你確實會遇到一些科學教徒,用認知失調的方式告訴你他相信至高存在。Aaron 的說法很直白:這些人多半在對自己撒謊。整套體系的因果鏈裡,創造一切角色的是希坦,至高存在沒有位置。

八種動力,把"生存"推到宇宙尺度

科學教對外宣稱三條基本真理:人是不朽的精神存在;他的經驗遠遠超出一次生命;他的能力是無限的,即使目前沒有實現。

第三條要按字面讀。"無限"沒有修辭成分。希坦的定義裡沒有空間和時間,物理定律對它不構成約束。你現在看到的這一切,可能只是某個希坦在玩的一場遊戲。希坦一路往下套,就像俄羅斯套娃。

支撐這套世界觀的骨架,是哈伯德的"八種動力"(eight dynamics)。動力指的是朝向生存的推力。第一動力是你自己;第二是家庭和性;第三是你所屬的任何群體;第四是全人類;第五是動植物等非人類生命;第六是物質世界;第七是作為集體的希坦,也就是精神性本身;第八是至高存在。

聽起來很寬容。但整套體系裡,創造一切的是希坦,不是神。所以那句廣為流傳的公關話術,"你可以既是基督徒又是科學教徒",在教義上站不住。基督徒不相信輪迴,不相信別的星系和別的宇宙上的生命。教會自己也知道這一點。

1993 年科學教和國稅局打交道、爭取免稅資格的時候,國稅局專門揪住了這句話:如果你們說自己可以和別的宗教並存,那我們就認定你們夠不上宗教的標準。教會的書面回覆是:不不不,我們說的不是那個意思,我們的意思是剛開始可以,最終你只能做科學教徒。

為了拿到免稅地位,一套宇宙觀可以在紙面上打折。這件事本身就是一個訊號。

一旦"對科學教有利"等於"倫理",什麼事都能做

哈伯德對倫理的定義是純粹功能性的:任何親生存的行為是倫理的,任何反生存的行為是不倫理的。

問題出在多層結構上。既然生存有八個層級,那麼任何對第三動力(群體)有利的事,理論上就同時對全部八個動力有利。而科學教就是那個第三動力。

於是"對科學教有利"和"倫理"被畫上了等號。

這個公式在歷史上反覆出現。蘇聯的實踐裡也有同樣的推理:為了工人的平等和正義,殺人、監禁、審查都可以接受,因為這是為了長遠的好。

Lex 在這裡提了一個方法論的請求,值得單獨拎出來。他說,不要急著把這類理念做成漫畫。很多哲學、宗教,甚至科學探索,本身都充滿不確定性,你站在一片神秘之上,腳下的地並不比別人更硬。共產主義和資本主義在理想形態下聽起來都很美,然後它們在實踐裡走偏,有的偏得比別的更多。

危險的東西從來不長成漫畫的樣子。魔鬼是有魅力的,一點也不滑稽。

Aaron 完全同意,並且說這就是他做頻道時的一個核心原則:他要讓還在教裡的人聽了,也覺得他講得公平準確,一聽就知道這個人做過功課,沒在洩憤。

他舉了朝鮮的例子。那可能是地球上最糟糕的地方之一,但確實有大量國民深愛著那位領導人。他們從小被那樣養大,在恐懼、操縱和宣傳的共同作用下,他們不被允許愛自己的家人,不被允許有浪漫的愛情,只被允許愛領袖。要觸達這些人,你得先承認:在他們眼裡,那確實是一個偉大的人,一個神,一個彌賽亞式的人物。靠在網上嘲笑那個髮型和身材解決不了任何問題。

希特勒也一樣。把他做成漫畫很容易,漫畫化之後,你就再也理解不了他為什麼能影響幾千萬人。起作用的是無數人真誠的愛,一張滑稽的臉解釋不了那個規模。任何意識形態被濫用之後走到哪一步,都從這種真誠開始。

十億年合同和每週五十美元

科學教的人分三個層級。

最外層是公眾,過正常生活,花錢買課程和聽析。中間層是 staff,在本地機構籤兩年半或五年的合同,合同到期,債務一筆勾銷。最內層是海洋機構(Sea Org)成員,籤的是十億年合同。

十億年合同是象徵性的,法律上不可執行,畢竟還沒人成功在下一世追討過。它的功能很清楚:讓你明白你籤的是什麼。有位聽友開玩笑說婚姻合同也該這麼寫,Aaron 接得也快,說那確實把"直到死亡將我們分開"這件事講得特別具體。

海洋機構成員不擁有財產,住在教會提供的宿舍,在教會經營的食堂吃飯。所有人每週拿五十美元。除了大衛·密斯凱維吉(David Miscavige)和少數設有現金獎勵的崗位,連大型科學教機構的負責人也是五十美元一週。

沒有周末這個概念,週五只是另一個日子。

不能和非海洋機構成員結婚或約會,一般也不允許生孩子。如果意外懷孕,標準建議是墮胎然後留在組織裡,因為這樣對科學教最有利,懷孕會分散工作精力。結婚在海洋機構裡接近約會:不結婚你只能住集體宿舍,結了婚才能分到自己的房間。所以二十幾歲離過三次婚的人並不稀奇。

順便說一句,名人不在這個體系裡。那些你聽說過的科學教明星,通常屬於最外層的公眾。

Aaron 的原話是:科學教在自己的核心組織裡,做出了一場近乎完美的共產主義實驗。一個人從按能力分配到按需分配,全都齊了。

這句話的反差值得停一下。一個對外極度資本化、極度渴望金錢、以富有著稱的組織,它的核心執行層過著配給制生活。錢從最外層流進來,最內層的人一週拿五十美元,還簽了十億年的合同。

至於工作內容,其實和普通公司差不多。有人力資源、銷售、會計、運營、質量控制。區別只在於它的"運營"是交付課程和聽析,"業務拓展"是拉新成員。它是一家公司,產品是讓你想起自己是誰。

電儀表:讓一段對話看起來像精密儀器

所有聽析都要用一臺叫電儀表的裝置(E-meter),訪談裡提到的型號是 Mark VIII。外觀是個小盒子,幾個旋鈕加一塊錶盤,被聽析的人雙手各握一個金屬罐,和機器裡的電池構成迴路。

它測的是人體電阻的微小變化。科學教徒相信,指標的抖動指示了聽析的進展,可以用來判斷這次談話有沒有到達一個令人滿意的結論。每次聽析都必須以好的狀態收尾,如果沒到,就要做修正處理。你沒法說"這次聊得不好,下週再約",收尾的那一刻本身就是流程的一部分。

開場動作是"捏罐子":聽析師讓你捏一下手裡的罐子,同時調整靈敏度旋鈕,目標是讓指標掉大概三分之一格。太靈敏的話,你動一下椅子,針就亂跳,讀數全廢。所以聽析師最常做的一件事,是讓你坐好別再動。

大一點的旋鈕叫音臂(tone arm),調的是電流或者電壓那一類引數。Aaron 提到這個時坦率地說,兩個詞裡有一個可能用錯了。

這套東西的技術含量不高,一個懂點電路的人能看出它就是個電阻表。它的功能在別處:把一段一對一的對話,變成一個帶客觀讀數的過程。你不再只是跟一個人聊天,房間裡多了一樣東西,一臺儀器,它會告訴你哪裡還有問題,什麼時候可以結束。

人很容易相信有讀數的東西。這套裝置的說服力跟它準不準關係不大,跟它有指標關係很大。

有些話他們不能說,連"我不能說"都不能說

Lex 問了一個很直接的問題:教會會不會派一個高層代表來,坐下來好好談一次?

Aaron 說不會。原因很簡單:結構上不允許。

整個科學教的"橋"(The Bridge)上半段全是機密的。所以一個代表坐在長訪談裡,被問到塞努、軀體希坦、莉亞·雷米尼、麗莎·麥克弗森(Lisa McPherson),他手裡沒有可以說的東西。他甚至不被允許說"我不能談這個"。

如果對面是一個娛樂記者,一個代表也許能糊弄過去。面對一個做過功課、會一路追問的人,這些話題是禁區。

這就是為什麼 Aaron 反覆強調,他的目標是讓還在裡面的人覺得他講得公平。如果他只是把塞努的故事拿出來當笑話講,那些還在裡面的人會立刻關掉影片,因為他們的訓練告訴他們,外面的人都在惡意攻擊。

要真的觸達一個人,你得先承認他相信的東西在他眼裡是嚴肅的、有說服力的,甚至有點美。

Lex 說他還是希望有一天能請到人,哪怕只是為了看那場對話。Aaron 說他很樂意自己判斷錯。

逃出來之後,他做的事

Aaron 在三十四歲那年正式離開,那之前七年開始脫離。用他的話說,更像是科學教和他分道揚鑣,這是他們的慣常流程。

他現在做兩件事。一件是頻道,把科學教講清楚,講給裡面的人和外面的人聽。另一件是後續基金會,幫人從科學教裡出來。這個組織在那檔電視節目之後成立,本來只是觀眾的一個自發提問,結果做到了超出預期的規模,幫到的人從普通成員到高層都有。

他在訪談裡說過一句話,可以當成整期節目的註腳:你永遠不會看到科學教的代表坐下來,像他這樣公平、準確地講述科學教。

這句話裡沒有自誇的成分。它指向一個組織的性質:一個必須靠保密才能維持的體系,沒辦法在陽光下做自我陳述。它只能在被問到之前,先把問題定義成敵意。

怎麼識別一套理念正在變成控制

這期對話裡有很多細節,散落在各處,指向同一類判斷標準。把它們收攏起來,對識別任何一種組織化的意識形態都有用,不管是宗教、公司文化,還是某個社群。

  • 看它怎麼定義"善"。如果它把自己和對善的定義綁在一起,說對它有利的就是倫理的,那它的手段會一路鬆綁,而且每一步都有道理。
  • 看它怎麼處理退出。能不能自由離開,離開後會不會被切斷和家人的聯絡,這兩件事最能暴露一個組織的底色。
  • 看它的資訊結構。有沒有大量"你現在還不能知道"的內容,尤其是那種連"我不能說"都不被允許說的部分。保密層級越深,越說明上層內容經不起公開討論。
  • 看它對身體自主權的態度。生育、婚姻、住在哪裡、和誰交往,這些最私人的決定如果都要服從組織利益,那就超出信仰的範疇了,屬於控制。
  • 看錢怎麼流動。誰在付錢,誰在拿五十美元一週。一個組織對外宣稱的價值觀和它內部實際的分配方式,往往差得很遠。
  • 看它有沒有把自己放在"第一發現者"的位置上。宣稱某個古老洞見是自己首創,並要求成員照此服從,這是個人崇拜的基礎件。
  • 如果身邊有人陷在裡面,別先嘲笑。先去理解那套語言對他意味著什麼,嘲笑只會把他推得更深。
  • 支援獨立的援助組織,比轉發段子有用得多。真正把人拉出來的,是具體的機票、住處、工作和心理支援。
  • 聽這類訪談時,把"理念有沒有力量"和"組織有沒有濫用"分開看。任何有力量的理念都值得認真對待,值得認真對待的東西,也最容易被拿去當控制的工具。
文稿由本站用語音識別模型(基於官方釋出音訊)機器轉寫,可能有識別錯誤,人名與數字請以音訊為準。
Lex Fridman Podcast #361 – Aaron Smith-Levin: Scientology Machine transcription by Qwen3-ASR 0.6B (MLX, local, Apache-2.0). May contain recognition errors. The following is a conversation with Aaron Smith Eleven, a former Scientology raised in Scientology and have worked in the organization full time for many years as a staff member and a Corg member including the job of training Scientology auditors. Today he educates the public about Scientology on his YouTube channel called Growing Up in Scientology. And now a quick second mention of each sponsor. Check them out in the description. It's the best way to support this podcast. We got Green Chef for delicious and healthy easy to make meals, Inside Tracker for bio monitoring and Athletic Greens for gut health. Choose wisely, my friends. Also, if you want to work on our amazing team, we're always hiring. Go to lexfreeman dot com slash hiring. And now onto the full ad reads as always no ads in the middle. I try to make these interesting but if you skip them, please still check out our sponsors. I enjoy their stuff, maybe you will too. This episode is brought to you by Green Chef, a California certified organic farmer company that makes it easy to eat well with meal plans for every lifestyle. They have a number of one meal kits for eating well with options for keto vegan vegetarian fast and fit Mediterranean and gluten free. Of course you know which one I pick. I'm still on keto. I'm still on carnivore. I jump around. I'm not religiously anyone particular diet, but I just feel much better when the number of carbs I consume. Is very low, and I should also say that I don't do cheap meals, which I think is a popular notion that a bunch of people follow. It just doesn't work for me. I enjoy life so much more when I. Sort of cheat by having just a tiny bit of carbs, not like just pig out completely. So I guess cheat by like a quick little detour, a quick little glance, not a full on affair. If you know what I'm saying. Anyway, the keto is ridiculous, but the keto meals from Green Chef is really that's my go to. It's delicious. I really highly recommend it. Also, gives variety to my intake, which makes me feel like enjoying life even more than I already have been. Anyway, go to greenchef dot com slash lex sixty and use code lex sixty to get sixty percent off plus free shipping. That's greenchef dot com slash lex sixty and use code lex sixty for sixty percent off plus free shipping. This show is also brought to you by Inside Tracker, a service I use to track the data that comes from the biological system that some refer to as Lex Friedman. But I'm just a collection of cells. I'm underneath that a collection of atoms. I'm a collection of a lot of things—billions, trillions—and somehow they're all like in this one bag that move together. This meat vehicle that operates with other meat vehicles in meat space and does interesting things and is worried and is hopeful and is ecstatic sometimes. Sometimes is afraid, and at the end of the day, the ride ends too quickly for that meat bag. That I guess others call Lex, but I don't even know what I call myself in my own head. How am I even talking to you right now? What is this? A bunch of cells, neurons are firing, creating a thought, creating an experience of a thought, allow me in a meta way. To discuss the experience of a thought, and here we are, and I'm speaking in a technology build by humans, alone in a room, but you. Another human are now listening to this. What is this? Anyway, if you want to get a little data on this giant mystery, this beautiful mystery that is the biology of our human body, you should use Inside Tracker and you can get special savings for a limited time. And you go to insidetracker dot com slash lex. This show is also brought to you by Athletic Greens and is AG One drink which is an all in one daily drink to support better health and peak performance. I take it twice a day. I take it after a run, a long run in the now. Warm Texas weather, slowly getting ready for that Texas heat. I mean I love those long runs along the river anywhere I go—just long runs alone. My thoughts when I'm listening to brown noise or an audiobook. That just takes me away, takes me away for an hour or two or three depending on how long the run is and. It's just I'm in a different world, and when I come back, come back into this world, the first entry point is an Athletic Greens drink. Sometimes I'll put it in the fridge and then take a quick shower and drink it cold. It's delicious either way—warm, cold doesn't matter. Just put a little powder with some water. Just it's magic. And I also when I travel, I take it. It gives me that feeling that I've gotten my life in order, at least for the nutritional stuff. They'll give you one month supply of fish oil when you sign up at athleticgreens dot com slash lex. This is the Lex Friedman podcast to support it. Please check out our sponsors in the description. And now dear friends, here's Aaron Smith Eleven. Let's do a full overview of Scientology. Its ideas, how it operates, how it wields its power and influence, and let's start at the very basics. What is Scientology? Scientology is a belief system, created by El Run Hubbard. That does fundamentally believe that we are all immortal spiritual beings called Thaitans, that we have native godlike potential. That there is nothing more powerful in the universe than a Thaitan, like so godlike is you know quite literal here. And that through various decisions, Thaitans have made they have fallen away from their native godlike power. To fallen down to a state where most Thaitans aren't even aware that they are Thaitans, aren't even aware that they ever have lived before or have these powers, and that Thaitans are now in a state where they're trapped in bodies, trapped here on Earth, trapped in this prison of a physical universe, trapped on this prison of a planet. And that only Scientology can restore a Thaitan to its native state. Are these multiple beings? Like is there one Thaitan inside of me that's trapped in this prison? Well, the thing would be you. The thing would be me. The Thaitan is you, but I'm presumably limited in some fundamental way. So this Thaitan that is me is is limited. So there's like eight billion Thaitans on the planet. There's one primary Thaitan animating each body. Later in Scientology, you learn there's actually like tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of like sick unconscious half dead Thaitans stuck to you that are now an additional cause of problems for you. But fundamentally at the lower levels, the non confidential levels, there's just one Thaitan per body. Well, I mean it's an interesting idea. I just would like to kind of explore the philosophy of that. So there's a being that's all powerful that's immortal, and its projection its manifestation on this earth is. Fundamentally limited, and you're trying to the process of Scientology, is the process of letting go of those limitations. You know that's an interesting idea. I mean a lot of religions have this kind of idea that there's not just religions but like we have the capacity. As human beings to do to achieve greatness in all kinds of ways, and that that's the question we have with our cognitive abilities. We start with a embryo and build up and into this organism and like this world of opportunities before us. What are we capable of? And the idea that we're capable of almost anything is a really powerful one. And there's a lot of religions, there's a lot of philosophies, there's a lot of advice, self help that kind of explore those ideas and so. It seems like with Scientology, this the application of this religious philosophy means. That there's we're limited and we have to break through those limitations and there's a process to break through those limitations. That would be correct. So what can make it challenging to. Adequately and completely describe Scientology in the beginning is what Scientologists believe actually changes as they progress. Further into or further up in Scientology, so the explanation as I've given it is pretty consistent with what you would get at the lowest levels. Right, you're a Thaitan. I'm a Thaitan. Everyone's a Thaitan, and we have a reactive mind. El Run Hubbard would say the reactive mind is a collection of these recordings, mental recordings of any moments of pain and unconsciousness you've ever had in your life. It's like the subconscious mind. It's always recording in moments of pain and unconsciousness, and that these are called these recordings are El Run Hubbard called them n grams. Now when El Run Hubbard first wrote Diagnostics in 1950, this was before Scientology came along a couple years later, right? So in 1950 when he wrote Diagnostics. It wasn't a spiritual endeavor. It was supposed to be a mental health, a science of mental health. So as of that time, the earliest n gram you could have was the incident of birth. Being born was an n gram, and technically in Diagnostics he said you could have prenatal n grams like when you're still in the womb. But there was no concept of past lives as of 1950 version of Diagnostics, right? And so the idea there was that. The reactive mind is essentially a stimulus response mechanism created through evolution millions of years ago to protect the individual from things that would harm them. In other words, things that would bring about pain and unconsciousness. So you have these recordings of things that hurt you, create pain and unconsciousness, and in present time these things will react upon you in a way. To cause you to avoid similar things, reacting upon you in a in a subconscious unconscious way. So the reactive mind protects you. From the trauma that is inside your subconscious mind, yes, and the idea is we've now as human beings evolved to a state where it no longer serves us beneficially and only serves us negatively. This was Hubbard's theory, and he said so you can get rid of these n grams by you know basically recalling them and going over them again and again using Diagnostics auditing therapy. And if you get back to the moment of birth and erase the earliest n gram, all the other subsequent n grams on the chain would vanish. Oh nice, so there's a chain earlier similar earlier similar earlier similar earlier similar. Okay, so that gives you a pretty good understanding of how El Run Hubbard thought of the mind because that carries on has applicability later on in Scientology. I mean that's a pretty powerful model of the mind. I mean Freud had. Similar conceptions that a lot of our traumas are grounded in sort of poor formulation of sexuality or imperfect formulation of sexuality in early childhood something like this. And then we're trying to figure out the puzzle of whatever we formed in early childhood. I mean it's similar similar kind of it is similar. It's probably what Hubbard took it from. In the early days of Diagnostics before he decided psychiatry was evil, he actually credited Sigmund Freud with some of the shoulders he was standing on in writing Diagnostics. The so he still admired psychiatry at that time so that's an interesting moment of Diagnostics. So what else you mentioned Diagnostics auditing was there too. So if we just before Scientology, what what are the ideas that formed what we know as Diagnostics. As I've just described, that is the fundamental that is that is pretty much the nuts and bolts of Diagnostics. Was it applied? Was it applied often? Oh yeah, no that's what Diagnostics in the early days was all about was just auditing. Auditing is the process of the one on one counseling, recall a moment of pain and unconsciousness, run through the n gram over and over and over again, find something earlier similar. That is Diagnostics auditing. One of the main things that changed with Scientology is that birth or prenatal n grams were no longer the earliest n grams on the chain. The idea is you have to get the earliest n gram on the chain for the later ones to blow, which is erase. And so but all of a sudden now with the addition of an immortal spiritual being into the equation, well now the earliest incident could be trillions of years ago in other galaxies and universes. Other universes so before the origin of this universe. Yes, is there a model of physics integrated in any of this? No, the model is you have the physical universe. And then above that you have the theta universe. So we use the word Thaitan earlier. So in Scientology, we use the word theta. I don't know theta is just basically Thaitan power, Thaitans collectively. So Hubbard would say you have the theta universe, which is senior to the physical universe and creates the physical universe. And remember I said I said native godlike potentials. So we're not talking about the god who created the Earth. We're just like Scientologists don't believe in a god, but we'll get into that later. We're talking about just creating universes, like just think like Matrix, like just when I say creating a universe, essentially just creating different Thaitan simulations. But it sounds like a little bit more like the ideas of Plato, which is there's these Platonic forms, there's abstract forms that are. Bigger, more general than our particular reality here, and those forms are used to construct the reality. Well, I grew up in a cult, so I'm not familiar with the works of Plato. You can't use that as an excuse for everything. I would like to you know non jokingly steal man the case because a lot of philosophies, a lot of religions, a lot even scientific endeavors. Are a little bit full of uncertainty. You can call it bullshit, but you're on unsteady ground because we're surrounded by mystery and you have to take these ideas. Somewhat seriously and see where those ideas go wrong. This happens with communism. This happens with capitalism. These ideas sound beautiful in their ideal forms and then they somehow go wrong and some go more wrong than others. And so I don't think sort of it's easy to. Sort of caricature and make fun of the ideas. I think if we take them seriously, you'll start to understand like when you're in it, it was serious. It can be very convincing. It's you know the the devil is going to be a charismatic person. He's not going to be a caricature of ridiculous person. So that that helps us understand which ideas. Will sound appealing but will become dangerous. I totally agree. In fact, it's one of the thrusts I have on my channel is wanting to talk about Scientology in a way that would actually resonate with current Scientologists, not just resonate with former Scientologists. I want people who are still in to be able to hear how I talk about it and go, wow, he's being really fair and really accurate. He's not just a hater, you know what I mean. If you look at the you know let's take one of the worst places on Earth is North Korea. You have Kim Jong Un, and the reality is there's a lot of citizens of that nation that deeply love the leader. Because they've grew up in that way, and you I mean through fear through all kinds of manipulation through propaganda and so on, they're not allowed to love members of their own family. They're not allowed to have romantic love. They're only allowed to have love for the leader. And to reach those people, you have to empathize with the fact that in their eyes, in some sense, this is a great man, this is a god, a Messianic figure. You can't just make fun of. The ridiculousness of the situation that there's this pudgy person waltzing around creating propaganda like how is this with a funny haircut with a funny haircut like it's so easy. Hitler too to make fun of to make a caricature of the person, but this is a real person, a real person that. Influenced the minds of millions of people in the case of Hitler, you know tens of millions of people and and created a huge amount of suffering not because of. Um, the caricature version, but because he was a charismatic leader. He was somebody that people deeply deeply loved, and that just over time I mean with the the abuse of any kind of ideology. This this happens over and over and so yeah it's it's interesting because Scientology is so close to the. Uh to to to the core of what is America because so many Americans are involved with it so it's interesting to study the the beauty and the power of the ideas that underlie it and where things go wrong. Yeah, and I'll just say it's interesting to note you would never get a representative of the Church of Scientology to sit down and have a conversation with you and even be as fair and accurate about Scientology as I'm going to be, which is which is noteworthy. Do you honestly deeply believe that's the case? There's not going to be a high level official that would sit down. For a conversation, no, I disagree with you. I hope you're right because I think that given the current dynamics of what's happening, I think in order to say from their perspective, in order to save the Church of Scientology, they have to. Be transparent and authentic, basically steal man their case, but better you would think so. Well, we'll talk about the other ways you could do that with just the manipulation through propaganda through control media and all that kind of stuff. They paint themselves into a corner of not being able to send a representative out into the world to speak honestly about it because. You're literally not allowed to. So when faced, you know if you're just sitting down with an entertainment journalist, a representative might be able to fudge their way through an interview, but sitting down for a long form format interview with someone who. Is going to ask them about Zenu and the body Thaitans and Leah Remini and Lisa McPherson. That's a no go zone. So so I'm representing why it will never happen, but shit I would I would tune in for that interview. I mean I hope you do get someone. You don't think David Miscavige would sit down for an interview? I would love to be wrong. You know in general journalists in these kinds of situations can be can attack. In a way that doesn't empathize and doesn't come from a place of deep knowledge and understanding, and I think it's possible to have serious conversations with people like that in an empathetic way, but it's also in a challenging way. I think there's a huge amount of trust required, and obviously for a very secretive organization. The amount of trust yes might be too much required. Anyone over there if they've done their homework knows you're going to be as fair as anyone in the world's going to be, and yet there's simply things they're not allowed to talk about and they're not even allowed to say I'm not allowed to talk about it. So that's a fundamental part of the Church of Scientology is the secrecy. Yeah. So that's where you are trained as you go up through the ranks is secrecy, secrecy. It's not even a matter of training. It's that there is an entire the entire upper half of Scientology's bridge is simply confidential. I mean and I never even did those levels when I was in Scientology. I didn't learn what Scientologists actually believe on those upper levels until after I got out of Scientology and I was freaking born and raised in it. Let's go there. Let's go to a personal story. So you spent thirty years in Scientology. Yeah, I was four years old when my mom got in, and then about seven years ago got out. Yeah, and you are on what YouTube channel now and you are an educator. So I was four years old when my mom got introduced to Scientology, and she got in really fast really quick. Um so but I was twelve years old when I was taken out of school and started officially full time working for Scientology. Okay, so um in various capacities I worked for them from the ages of twelve to the age of twenty six. Yeah. Okay, so and then I was thirty four when I officially parted ways with Scientology, which was really more them officially parting ways with me but we can get into all that later. That's just kind of how Scientology does it. And what do you do now in terms of Scientology? So now I run growing up in Scientology the YouTube channel but what I primarily do is I help run an organization that helps people who are escaping from Scientology. I am the vice president of the Aftermath Foundation, and we created the foundation after the television show Leah Remini Scientology in the Aftermath. And there was such an outpouring of support from non Scientologists all over the world. What can we do to help people leave Scientology? That we decided to create a foundation and it's been incredibly successful. We've helped people escape from all regions and echelons of Scientology. We we we've accomplished what we've accomplished is far beyond what we actually envisioned would be possible. It's been a huge success. So we'll talk about the the negative aspect the abuses of power but let's just explore the ideas a little bit more. So the the public facing three fundamental truths of Scientology maybe correct me if I am wrong. Man is an immortal spiritual being like we said with Thanos. His experience extends well beyond a single lifetime so infinite memory backwards. His capabilities are unlimited even if not presently realized. The capabilities are unlimited. Yeah, so that when I say God like I really just mean you know Thanos like unlimited. Scientologists don't believe in a god so when I say God like I just mean the most powerful entity the creator the prime mover unmoved except we are all that you know a Theon in definition in Scientology a Theon has no position in space or time a Theon does not actually exist in the physical universe. It might choose to locate itself in the physical universe right and then forget that it made that decision and then sort of get caught and trapped in the physical universe but that once the Theon is restored to its native powers. Um everything you see here in the physical universe is just a Theon playing a game like literally we are in a simulation right now of some Theon so like physics doesn't have to make sense when we're talking about it this way like technically you are Theon I am a Theon we're here but this could also all just be another Theon's game. So Theon's all the way down. Yeah it's just Theon's everywhere Theon's all comes down to the Theon. Is there an idea of a god? Because I read there is a kind of there is a sense of a supreme being. Is that basically the Theon that's at the core at the bottom of it all? Yes not not defined undefined correct Scientology has this concept of the dynamics Elrond Hubbard breaks life into eight different dynamics and the a dynamic meaning a thrust towards survival. So he would say you know the first dynamic is you yourself second dynamic is your family third dynamic is any other group that you are a part of other than your family fourth dynamic is all humankind the fifth dynamic is plant and animal life all non human life. Sixth dynamic is the physical world seventh dynamic is sort of like spirituality collectively. Theatons as a Theon's and the eighth dynamic Elrond Hubbard says Scientology doesn't deal with the eighth dynamic but we recognize that people have this idea of a supreme being. And so Scientology says you can call the eighth dynamic the supreme being dynamic but we call it infinity just the allness of everything without having to define it and then they sort of do a little dance and they're like Scientology the purpose of Scientology is to get you to the point where you have your own understandings or realizations about the nature of the eighth dynamic. We don't tell you what you have to believe about that and technically speaking that is true technically speaking that is true. There is no point in Scientology where they sit you down and say you are not required to revoke your belief in a supreme being. It's just that everything in Scientology is is inconsistent with a belief in the supreme being. You can still find Scientologists who through cognitive distance will tell you they believe in a supreme being mostly they're lying to you. How is this inconsistent with a supreme being because like Theon's because Theon's have created everything not God. Okay so Theon's created they they're also created force they're not just the force that runs everything right but can't those be just the fingertips of a god. Sure the only way you could reconcile a supreme being is if you say a single supreme being created all theta. Yeah like the spiritual big bang. Yep but that's not what most people think when they when they talk about God they're talking about a creator of. The physical universe. Yes there is no theta. Right I mean even as I've described Scientology so far none of what I've said is something I even subject to ridicule this is pretty common sense stuff actually I mean if you believe in spirituality or spirits at all there is nothing I've described so far that's crazy. Yeah you know believing in past lives isn't particularly unique or special. Right the fact that Scientology does this little dance of pretending to believe in a god I mean it's even like a PR line Scientology representatives will tell you you can be a Christian and be a Scientologist. Well let me tell you what Christians don't believe in past lives and lives on other galaxies and planets and universes they but in Scientology knows that Scientology knows you can't be a Christian and be a Scientologist but they will say that it's just an example of sort of the fundamental baked in dishonesty because it's so important to Scientology on the organization level to have tax exempt status. I wonder how do you do you know the process of what it takes to prove that some an organization is a religion while going through that process with the IRS for the second time by the way Scientology actually had tax exemption in the early days and the IRS pulled it and then they got it back in nineteen ninety three. While going through that process again, the IRS actually took issue with the fact that Scientology was claiming you could be a Scientologist and a member of another religion. The IRS actually said. Pump the brakes there. Yeah if you are going to say that we're going to say you are not a religion. Yeah and they actually in put in writing to the IRS no no no no no that's not what we meant that's not what we meant. We meant in the beginning you can be both but eventually you just have to be a Scientologist. So you mentioned the eight the eight dynamics but you also mentioned survival so that seems to be a core principle that. That human existence is about survival. Can can you elaborate what is meant by survival? We talk about survival of the human species survival of the individual humans survival of the manifestation of Theon's in human form what what do we what's survival. So it would be all of that because survival is the the dominant force across all the dynamics. That I mean Elrond Hubbard it was either dynamics or science of survival he he he says he discovered the principle upon which all life exists and that is. All life no matter what it is trying to do are you ready Lex it's trying to survive that's pretty powerful that's pretty powerful here is it here is no I got to tell you I got to you might get me back in Lex I am not I am not trying to get you back in I am trying to take you get you to take seriously the power of the ideas behind Scientology because I think those ideas are not bad ideas. They resonate with a lot of ideas throughout philosophy throughout religions throughout the history of human civilization. The interesting aspect is how it goes wrong but here is the thing like here is the thing it is consistent with prior efforts or studies it's just that Elrond Hubbard said this was a watershed breakthrough that was being discovered for the first time that's kind of what I am mocking really. Yeah but you can mock Nietzsche for saying man is will to power you can mock but did he claim to be the first person to ever say it. Well Nietzsche he's had a bit of an ego so like and he's full of contradictions but I am pretty sure the the implied thing is that he was the first first to say it. There is a lot of scientists there is one of the people I really admire Stephen Wolfram who wrote a book called a new kind of science that explores complex systems and cellular automata and these mathematical systems that have been explored before. But he boldly kind of defined I am presenting to you a whole new way to look at the world and if you just set a little bit of the ego behind that aside there is actually beautiful ideas in there they have of course been done before and explored before but sometimes people declare this is the coolest. That's the only thing I am really mocking is said this discovery that life is trying to survive is greater than the discovery of fire okay I mean it gets a little silly but that's fine we can agree that the fact that life is trying to survive has meaning and is meaningful and can be is valuable and it's true I mean life is trying to survive. Also there is a non trivial definition of what is life here so this idea of a Theon the thing that permeates through lifetimes through people there is some some fabric that is bigger than individual biological bags of meat. That's a philosophically interesting idea of course if it's not grounded in a little bit more. A physical reality then it becomes a little too woo woo and the way Elrond Hubbard and Scientology define survival is very much intertwined with how they define ethics ethics anything you know to be ethical is pro survival to be unethical is counter survival. But we were talking about just the concept of the dynamics like what does survival refer to and it actually does refer to all of them but just keep in mind when it comes to the seventh dynamic Theon's collectively. Um involved in here is the idea that a Theon cannot die there is no such thing as killing a Theon a Theon can only can only survive. And so um anyway this concept of the dynamics is one of the most fundamental and important concepts in Scientology but but because I mentioned that it also gets tied up with ethics and this probably speaks to what you are just talking about is you can have the ideas and the concepts and you can have how do they go wrong. Because they hold that Scientology applying Scientology getting people into Scientology is the key to basically saving every spiritual being in existence. When you are analyzing what is ethical it becomes whatever is good for Scientology becomes by definition ethical because anything that's good for Scientology which is a third dynamic is inherently good for all the dynamics. So that's where you get. The ends justifying the means to do any anything possible and use any means necessary to forward the aims of Scientology that's kind of where a lot of Soviet implementation of communism went wrong is the ends justify the means the equality the justice for the workers. If we have to kill murder imprison censor in in the name of that then it's it's for the greater good in the long term to achieve the the ideal of communism. In some respect Scientology created a near perfect communist experiment in its C organization. What is it from everyone according to their ability to each according to their need or something like that Scientology C organization is damn near a perfect communist experiment. Coming from someone who doesn't necessarily know what a perfect communist experiment really is because I am not grew up in a cult Lex you can't keep using as an excuse. It's a funny tagline I use in my videos I like it but like it is interesting that an organization that is so hyper capitalist and so money hungry and is known to be very wealthy at its core is run by this group of Corg members that live a communist lifestyle. We're going to jump around let's go what is Corg what is C organization what is this organization the C organization is the most dedicated version the most dedicated brand of Scientologists so there is three like echelons of Scientologists. There is public who just live normal lives in the real world and they pay to do Scientology courses and auditing. Then there is staff members who also live in the real world. Uh but work on two and a half year contracts or five year contracts at their local Scientology organization and then once they finish their contract their their debt is paid or whatever. And then there is the Corg members these are the guys who sign the billion year contracts they don't have lives in the outside world they don't own property they live in Scientology provided housing they eat Scientology they eat in Scientology run cafeterias. Is there an actual contract that says a billion years? It's symbolic but yes okay like no it's not a legally enforceable contract. They haven't succeeded in enforcing it in any subsequent lifetimes yet marriage contract should be like that a billion year because I make not till death was part by a billion years it really makes it. Very concrete of what you are signing up for yeah those are the billion year guys you hear a lot about the billion year contract the billion year contract that's the Corg and and all of Scientology management international management middle management continental management and even some lower level service orgs are one composed one hundred percent of Corg members. You are not allowed to marry or date someone who's not in the Corg you are also not allowed to have children. With anybody outside the Corg in general you are not allowed to have children Corg members are not allowed to have children unless they leave the Corg if you there you are expected to have an abortion and stay in the Corg because it's the greatest good for Scientology if you accidentally get pregnant. Interesting because it distracts from the focus of the work yeah what about sexual relations only once married but that's why people get married after like three days you like hey you you look you look all right let's get married are you allowed to have divorce. Yeah you get divorced a lot in the Corg I've known people get married divorced three times by like by the age of twenty five oh wow because in the Corg getting married is practically like dating right also unless you are married you are living in dorms with a bunch of other people so in order to get your own room you also have to get married. So there is many benefits. Oh wow okay so you mentioned communism in which way because is there a hierarchy inside Corg is there a redistribution of influence position money power inside Corg everyone in the Corg makes fifty dollars a week. Everybody except David Miscavige but and and some some posts might have a cash bonus incentive structure but fundamentally their pay is fifty dollars a week so so even the head of a big Scientology organization. Is getting fifty bucks a week. Are celebrities also part of Corg or no not usually so this is really the management layer. So what's the idea behind fifty dollars a week is that basically live a humble life they don't have to give you anything at all it's just oh you mean like what's the idea behind not paying. Yeah basically not paying everything you need is already being provided for you you are not here for the money you are working all the time anyway it's not like you don't have days off I mean you you are working all the time there is there is not it's there is no concept of the weekends there is no thank god it's Friday Friday's just another day. And how are the position the tasks the jobs allocated within the Corg what do you mean like like what kind of tasks you are doing what kind of stuff you are doing it's very similar to just any other business as far as you can have your human resources you can have your sales you can have your accounting your operations your quality control it's just that in Scientology your operations is delivering courses and auditing. So your operations and your quality control are where most of the activity occurs as far as delivering Scientology and then you've got your you call it business development but that's just bringing in new members right. So the the function of Scientology's organization is very. Very comparable to a a normal business in the normal world so let's talk about the products of this business auditing and courses so what's auditing. So auditing is so we described earlier dynamics auditing Scientology auditing is very similar to that so at first glance it it looks like psychotherapy a kind of therapy all Scientology auditing is going to look like that. It's one on one talk therapy. Uh you are in a a room by yourselves no distraction no noise one on one yeah so like this yeah but and in Scientology they have what's called an e meter. Who writes almost all auditing employs the use of an e meter what's an e meter. So an e meter is a device that just measures the resistance to a small electrical flow except Scientologists believe that this e meter can be used to simply direct the progress of an auditing session to determine whether. The auditing has reached a good satisfactory conclusion all auditing sessions have to end on a satisfactory conclusion like that's the job of the auditor you don't just it's not like sorry the session sucked see you next week it's not like that every auditing session has to end. Um on a positive note and if it doesn't there is corrections to be made so the e meter what does it look like visually like oh you can pull it up pull up mark eight e meter mark eight. So there is a few dials yeah there is a basic information about time and duration I presume and then a dial that just goes zero to something. Okay so let's say that the meter is in front of me and you are the one holding the cans I am holding the cans you are doing the auditing of me yeah okay I am holding the cans no literally in the beginning of an auditing session when you are calibrating the sensitivity sensitivity of the e meter you do a can squeeze so I go squeeze the cans please okay so I am just like squeezing the can and I am just changing the sensitivity because when you squeeze the cans I want to get about a one third of a dial drop on the needle the idea is you don't want if the needle's too sensitive then every time you shift around in your chair the needle is going to bounce all over the place so you are trying to set the sensitivity of this thing. And that's all the the knob there on the bottom to the left that's the sensitivity knob and that determines just how much how sensitive the needle is going to be and the the bigger dial is called the tone arm. And that is changing I want to say voltage or current but I am not intending I am going to get one of those words is wrong right but it is a real device it's a real device that you can actually calibrate to probably. You know get an outcome that you want yeah so here is even how just how a Scientology auditor believes it works you are holding the cans there is a tiny little battery in that e meter that's sending you are completing the circuit when you pick up the cans right so you got a little thing go in there and that needle will respond to your physical movement but that's not what we want we want you to sit the hell still so that we can read this thing when I am asking you questions. Okay so you are sitting there still very still

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